Thanks tamberg - this post was particularly helpful to me. I was getting confused tracking down all this info scattered among many pages.
And to add some info that may help others, I ran into the following errors when attempting to load the firmware onto my Motherboard 1.2:
avrdude: stk500_getsync(): not in sync: resp=0x00
avrdude: stk500_disable(): protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x51
I tried using the "hit the reset button a few seconds after uploading" trick, but that didn't help at all. I eventually found this page:
http://wiki.makerbot.com/burn-custom-firmware-using-arduino
Which has some command lines near the bottom for loading the bootloader and firmware. I ran these commands from the arduino-00xx directory and it seemed to work fine. Please correct me if these were not valid commands to use, but they seemed to work for me when the regular arduino software wouldn't.
Thanks again
-Littlebear